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Immunological Assays

An antibody or an antigen is used in immunological assays, a type of biochemical test, to determine the presence or concentration of a macromolecule or a small molecule, such as chemokines and cytokines, in a solution.

Methods

Cytometric Bead Array (CBA)

Meso Scale Discovery (MSD)

ELISA

Example

Serum biomarker peak values by tumor response and grade of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in patients

(A) Post-infusion ferritin peak and CRS grade. (B) Post-infusion C-reactive protein (CRP) peak and CRS grade. (C) maximum concentration (Cmax) of CAR-CLDN18.2 in peripheral blood and CRS grade. (D) Post-infusion IL-6 peak and CRS grade. (E) Post-infusion ferritin peak and treatment response. (F) Post-infusion CRP peak and treatment response. (G) Post-infusion IL-6 peak and treatment response. The p-values were calculated using the two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test. (H) The relationship between Cmax and different cancer types.

References

Qi C, Gong J, Li J, Liu D, Qin Y, Ge S, Zhang M, Peng Z, Zhou J, Cao Y, Zhang X, Lu Z, Lu M, Yuan J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Peng X, Gao H, Liu Z, Wang H, Yuan D, Xiao J, Ma H, Wang W, Li Z, Shen L. Claudin18.2-specific CAR T cells in gastrointestinal cancers: phase 1 trial interim results. Nat Med. 2022 Jun;28(6):1189-1198. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01800-8. Epub 2022 May 9. PMID: 35534566; PMCID: PMC9205778.